{"id":532759,"date":"2022-09-07T16:45:12","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T15:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/?p=532759"},"modified":"2022-09-15T17:08:43","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T16:08:43","slug":"emotions-in-writing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/emotions-in-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"Emotions In Writing: How To Make Your Readers Feel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When it comes to writing, people often focus on plot, character, and setting, but the emotional landscape you create in your <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/what-makes-a-good-story\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">story<\/a> is important too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, you\u2019re going to learn ten ways to convey emotions in your writing, so you can create unforgettable characters and delight your readers, immediately drawing them into your stories.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You\u2019ll get a set of practical techniques to use, whatever kind of story you\u2019re telling, many of which I didn\u2019t know about when I wrote my first two novels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019ll look at why characters are key when it comes to writing emotion and achieving emotional mastery, then I\u2019ll answer three of the most frequently asked questions about emotions in writing.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Why-Are-Emotions-Important-In-Writing\"><strong>Why Are Emotions Important In Writing?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As story creators, we want readers to identify with our characters and immerse themselves in our story worlds, so they get hooked and keep reading. We do that using emotion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emotion also helps readers gain understanding and perspective from different viewpoints, as well as providing an opportunity for them to escape from the \u2018real world\u2019 for a while.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three types of emotion in writing:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Emotion experienced by you, the writer<\/li><li>Emotion experienced by the character&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>And an emotional response from the reader<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These are different things. For example, you might feel impatient to finish writing a scene, while your main character is in love, and you&#8217;re aiming for the reader to feel suspicious. Or perhaps you\u2019re in love with your characters, your point of view character feels guilty, and you <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/suspense-definition-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">want your reader to be desperate find out what happens next<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider your own emotions and whether they are ending up on the page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a fairly common example: a<a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/how-to-become-a-better-writer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> writer<\/a> feels bored and therefore writes a scene where the characters are bored, which will bore her readers. I\u2019m using a negative to make a point \u2013 so bear with me!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can address how <em>you<\/em> are feeling by using Julia Cameron\u2019s Morning Pages, and by learning self-care for writers; both of which are outside the scope of this guide. Or see our article on <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/writing-and-burnout\/\">writing and burnout<\/a> for more self-care tips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a way of using your own emotional experiences to your advantage when writing emotions, using a theatrical technique called \u2018emotion memory\u2019 \u2013 more on that later.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Going back to the example of the bored writer writing a boring scene that bores the reader, the solution to this problem is to consider upfront what emotional effect you want to have on your reader, asking:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>What do you want your reader to experience?&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The best way to <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/mood-in-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">create an emotional response in your reader <\/a>is to have them identify with your characters and fully immerse themselves in their world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re telling any kind of story, whether you\u2019re a playwright, a screenwriter, a memoirist or a novelist, the steps are the same:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Decide what you want the reader to experience.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Get the reader to identify with your main characters.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Easier said than done, right? Keep reading!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"833\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-and-writing.jpg\" alt=\"emotions-and-writing\" class=\"wp-image-532829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-and-writing.jpg 833w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-and-writing-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-and-writing-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-and-writing-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-and-writing-640x384.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Focus-On-Your-Characters\"><strong>Focus On Your Characters<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019ve established that, when conveying emotion in writing, the most crucial thing to consider is how to get readers to respond to your characters. Here\u2019s one way to do that. I call it the C.A.S.E. method for short, which stands for contradictions, action, sympathy and empathy:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Well-rounded, authentic characters, just like all human beings, will have <em>contradictions<\/em>. Contradictions make characters seem real and therefore relatable.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Readers like characters who take <em>action<\/em>, and who do something about the dilemma they\u2019re in.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Initially, readers will <em>sympathise<\/em> with the main character, and want to know what happens next.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>As the problems deepen, readers <em>empathise<\/em> with the character and wonder what they would do in the same situation. Empathy happens as a result of the first three.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s an example from the psychological thriller <em>Wrong Place, Wrong Time<\/em> by Gillian McAllister (2022):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The main character, Jen, feels guilty about not being a good mother, but at the same time, she\u2019s prepared to do anything to help her son. (Contradiction)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Jen tries to solve the seemingly impossible problem she faces. (Action)&nbsp;<\/li><li>We feel sorry for her because of what happens at the beginning of the book and as a result \u2013 I won\u2019t give it away. (Sympathy)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>We can stand in her shoes and see the world through her eyes because of the vivid detail McAllister uses and because of the compelling dilemma Jen faces. We wonder what we would do in a similar situation. (Empathy)&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Character contradictions, action, sympathy and empathy work together. If one is missing, it feels like something is wrong!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All four will affect your readers&#8217; emotions and elicit a response in them, leading to emotional engagement \u2013 and they\u2019ll want to keep reading.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"How-To-Convey-Emotion-In-Writing\"><strong>How To Convey Emotion In Writing&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>So you know you need C.A.S.E., but also, in order for readers to engage, the emotions your characters experience must seem authentic. How do you do that? I\u2019m glad you asked!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are ten ways to convey emotion in your writing. You can use:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Observation from life&nbsp;<\/li><li>Emotion memory&nbsp;<\/li><li>The body&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The whole message&nbsp;<\/li><li>Emotional leakage&nbsp;<\/li><li>Idioms&nbsp;<\/li><li>Imagery&nbsp;<\/li><li>Form&nbsp;<\/li><li>Emotion encyclopaedias&nbsp;<\/li><li>The objective correlative&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-Use-Observations-From-Life\"><strong>1. Use Observations From Life<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>During your day-to-day life, observe how you and others experience and exhibit emotions. What goes on in your body and mind and in your environment? What behaviours and words are associated with the emotion? If you work with other people, this technique is particularly useful. Take a breath, observe, and note down what happened later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over time you\u2019ll create a resource you can draw on when you\u2019re writing. There are instances where it wouldn\u2019t be appropriate to step back and observe in the moment, of course, but you can still make notes later. I\u2019ve put observation first because it\u2019s the most important.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-Use-Emotion-Memory\"><strong>2. Use Emotion Memory<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Emotion memory is a <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/writing-techniques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">technique<\/a> developed by the theatre director Stanislavski, where actors recall experiencing an emotion to enact it authentically on stage. It\u2019s where method acting comes from!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s a section on Stanislavski in <em>Dramatic Techniques for Creative Writers<\/em> by Jules Horne (2018) in case you want to follow this up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s how to use emotion memory in your writing:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recall a memory in as much detail as possible, using the<a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/sensory-language-examples-in-fiction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> senses<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Start small: use the memory of leaves falling from trees in a park or the hottest day in summer or your earliest memory of the festive season, for instance.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Don\u2019t do this with troubling memories at first, and if you do want to explore more difficult or intense emotions, have someone around to talk to, plus the support of a writing group.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Now imagine you can connect to a character\u2019s (made up) memories in a similar way.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Use memory in your writing to convey the feelings that came up as you or your character remembered the past.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"833\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/writing-emotions.jpg\" alt=\"writing-emotions\" class=\"wp-image-532830\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/writing-emotions.jpg 833w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/writing-emotions-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/writing-emotions-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/writing-emotions-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/writing-emotions-640x384.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-Use-The-Body\"><strong>3. Use The Body<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Both observation from life and emotion memory will help with this one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/how-to-write-faster\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Write<\/a> about internal and external bodily sensations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When your character is angry, for example, where in their body do they feel it? If someone slaps them across the face, they might feel pain from the slap, and a hot sensation in the chest, or they may experience tunnel vision. Hint at these bodily experiences during the relevant scene.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, in the opening sequence of <em>The Namesake <\/em>\u2013 depicting the birth of the main character \u2013 Jhumpa Lahiri shows us Ashima\u2019s emotions using:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Her contractions,&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The people around her,&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Her memories.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In fact, Lahiri uses observation from life, emotion memory, <em>and<\/em> the body both to show us how Ashima might be feeling as she goes into labour, and to evoke an emotional response in the reader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s only one paragraph where we\u2019re told directly how she feels \u2013 \u2018astonished\u2019 and \u2018terrified\u2019 \u2013 and even that\u2019s in the context of a recent memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, the opening of <em>The Namesake <\/em>is also a good example of communicating emotion using <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/show-dont-tell\/\">show not tell<\/a>. You can read the opening via the \u2018look inside\u2019 feature on online bookstores.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-Use-The-Whole-Message\"><strong>4. Use The Whole Message&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In his book <em>Persuasion: The Art of Influencing People <\/em>(2013), James Borg discusses research by sociolinguistics experts that shows:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201ca [spoken] message could be classified as 55 per cent visual (non-verbal), 38 per cent vocal (such things as tone or voice, rhythm, inflection) and 7 per cent verbal (meaning the actual words used).\u201d (p. 58)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Only 7% of spoken communication comes from the meaning of the words! When we hear people talk, we are all used to looking for clues from other sources. Your readers will do this too and will bring some of that experience to bear on your story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This means that using a character\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/tone-in-writing-the-how-why-and-when\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tone<\/a> of voice and behaviour to <em>show<\/em> that they are angry or embarrassed \u2013 or even using body language instead of dialogue \u2013 will work much better than simply <em>telling<\/em> us about it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-Use-Emotional-Leakage\"><strong>5. Use \u2018Emotional Leakage\u2019&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Related to the idea of using the \u2018whole message\u2019, James Borg also tells us that we communicate in intentional and unintentional ways. This is good news for fiction writers, because unintended \u2018emotional leakage\u2019 (body language, gestures, fleeting expressions) can give away how a character is feeling inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, body language might undermine what a character is saying, showing us how they are truly feeling. Because we\u2019re used to looking for the 93% of a message that isn\u2019t verbal, we\u2019ll attribute more meaning to body language than to the words a character speaks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>James Borg has also written another book, called <em>Body Language <\/em>(2008), where he explores this idea further.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We communicate through context, too: through personal circumstances, social status and presentation, through clothes, hair and personal grooming, for instance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a story, if a character\u2019s presentation is out of the ordinary for the situation, or conflicts with their supposed social status, this immediately causes intrigue.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, when a character who looks as if he spent the night under a hedge turns up as the replacement vicar at a wedding service, the reader will wonder what\u2019s going on and why.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your character&#8217;s thoughts and contexts can usefully contradict other aspects of what they say and do, so you can use context and \u2018emotional leakage\u2019 together. For example, if a character turns up to her daughter\u2019s wedding with two black-eyes and a hangover and tells everyone she\u2019s fine, the reader will know that&#8217;s not the case.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Agatha Christie frequently uses emotional leakage to indicate how her characters are really feeling, but also to trick us with misdirection and red herrings.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, near the beginning of <em>Sad Cypress <\/em>(1940), Mrs Welman\u2019s two nurses are talking over tea, and we get a scene involving mainly dialogue. We learn that \u201cNurse O\u2019Brien pursed her lips and put her head on one side\u201d and a few lines later \u201cover their steaming cups the women drew a little closer together.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A few paragraphs further on, we hear that Mrs Welman woke in the night asking for a photograph of Lewis, a handsome man who was not her husband. Christie tells us that \u201cNurse Hopkins had a long nose, and the end of it quivered a little with pleasurable emotion.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two nurses are acting as if they are proper while we know they are gossiping. What\u2019s more, the reader is listening in, sharing in the gossip.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"833\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-in-fiction.jpg\" alt=\"emotions-in-fiction\" class=\"wp-image-532831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-in-fiction.jpg 833w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-in-fiction-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-in-fiction-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-in-fiction-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotions-in-fiction-640x384.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-Use-Idioms\"><strong>6. Use Idioms<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Used sparingly, idioms are a handy shortcut: readers will know what you mean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;Her heart sank&#8217;, for example, lets us know the bodily sensation and the emotion in three words.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More interestingly, you can play with idioms. Rewrite them. Invent your own. Write the opposite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, don\u2019t rely solely on idioms to convey emotion, and avoid using idioms repeatedly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some emotional idioms are so well-worn they\u2019ve become <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/are-you-writing-cliches-without-realising-it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">clich\u00e9s<\/a>: a ray of light representing hope, for instance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Generally, if it\u2019s difficult to imagine it happening to you or in front of you, or if it doesn\u2019t communicate what you want to say in enough depth, it\u2019s probably a clich\u00e9, so is best avoided.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-Use-Imagery\"><strong>7. Use Imagery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>What is the emotion <em>like<\/em> when it happens to you or your character? Observation from life and emotion memory will help once again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, in my first novel I described a character feeling mortified by saying she \u2018went cold slowly, like someone was pouring cold custard over [her] head.\u2019 In the same novel, I described emotional pain which was \u2018like a stone in the middle of [her] chest.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In both of these examples, I was using an image to describe the bodily sensation experienced by the character, which would then (hopefully) convey the emotion to the reader without naming it.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Years after my second novel was published, I realised I was far too fond of using balloon images. For instance, \u2018Alex felt as deflated as a popped balloon\u2019, and \u2018Mrs Brown\u2019s face [hovered] in front of her like a balloon\u2019, and \u2018the words bursting out of her mouth like balloons.\u2019&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, when I want to convey emotions, I immediately think of cold custard, stones, and balloons, like I\u2019ve invented my own personal clich\u00e9s! So be aware that you may have to \u2018murder your darlings\u2019 if you grow too fond of particular images like I did. In my current work-in-progress, I\u2019m having to edit for internal stones and balloon images \u2013 I managed to avoid the custard!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ask yourself how deep you want to go: to convey deep emotion, use your own imagery. To avoid slowing the pace, use quick idioms, but do so sparingly.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-Use-Form\"><strong>8. Use Form&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You don\u2019t have to be writing concrete poetry or avant-garde fiction to use form to convey emotion. This simply means invoking an emotional reaction in your reader \u2013 usually to illustrate how a character is feeling \u2013 using the shape of the writing. You could create a fast pace and short clipped sentences to show anger, and give us poignancy and sadness using a slow pace and long sentences, for example.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the beginning of Jo\u015be Saramago&#8217;s novel <em>Blindness<\/em> the dialogue isn\u2019t punctuated, creating a sense of confusion after a character goes blind. Saramago replicates what it would be like to suddenly go blind \u2013 to hear voices but not know who is talking \u2013 so that the reader\u2019s confusion matches the character\u2019s.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"833\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-writing.jpg\" alt=\"emotion-in-writing\" class=\"wp-image-532832\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-writing.jpg 833w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-writing-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-writing-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-writing-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-writing-640x384.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-Use-Emotion-Encyclopaedias\"><strong>9. Use Emotion Encyclopaedias<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ve left emotion encyclopaedias and resources until near the end of this list of techniques because you need to use at least a couple of the others in conjunction with them. However, doing some research is useful, especially if your POV character is experiencing things that you never have, and if they are very different to you.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can find lists of emotions online. For example, google \u2018emotion wheels\u2019 or \u2018feeling wheel\u2019 and you\u2019ll likely find a diagram you can download and put up on the wall in your writing space. You can use the emotions on the wheel to brainstorm how a character experiencing that emotion might behave or what body language they might display or what bodily sensations they might notice.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emotion reference books for writers include: <em>The Emotion Thesaurus<\/em> by Becca Puglisi and Angela Ackerman (2019), <em>Body Beats to Build On: A Fiction Writer&#8217;s Resource<\/em> by April Gardner (2019) and <em>Character Reactions from Head to Toe<\/em> by Valerie Howard (2019).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-Use-An-Objective-Correlative\"><strong>10. Use An Objective Correlative<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The objective correlative, or what we called the OC where I used to teach, was made famous by T.S. Eliot. In fact, Eliot said the objective correlative was the <em>only <\/em>way to communicate an emotion to a reader, which is why I\u2019ve left it till last. There\u2019s no need to read up on literary the theory unless you want to; as readers and viewers we\u2019re used to seeing this technique in action, especially in films.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s where a <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/different-types-of-writers-which-one-are-you\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">writer<\/a> uses a thing \u2013 an object or a place or event (even the weather) \u2013 to invoke an emotional response in the reader, and therefore, in a story, to demonstrate how a character feels, <em>without mentioning the emotion<\/em>. Earlier I said that using a ray of sunlight to suggest hope is a bit of a clich\u00e9. It\u2019s also an example of the OC. Watch a few Hollywood blockbusters and see if you can spot some more over-used examples of the objective correlative! They are often weather or nature-related.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s another example. If I tell you that a character walked home in the rain, got soaked by a passing car, only to discover they were locked out of their house, you\u2019ll probably assume they feel miserable. There\u2019s nothing intrinsic about water or losing your keys that means you have to feel miserable. The OC works for two reasons, because the reader or viewer:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Puts themselves in the character\u2019s shoes almost automatically \u2013 we ask how <em>we<\/em> would feel if the same thing happened to us.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Assumes that you\u2019re showing us this rain-soaked character for a reason, otherwise why would they be there? Elements of a story are supposed to communicate something \u2013 so we attribute meaning to them.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Notice how, for the OC to work, you have to use show rather than tell. In fact, the objective correlative is, at least partly, a formal way of saying \u2018show don\u2019t tell\u2019. Conversely, if you\u2019re not sure how to show instead of tell, then try the OC. Use a thing to represent an emotion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Emotional-Writing-Top-Tips\"><strong>Emotional Writing: Top Tips<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are three top tips for conveying and evoking emotion in writing:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.&nbsp; If you try any of the above techniques, make it observation from life. Stepping back and observing the life around you will help more than anything else.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Remember that your emotional response, your readers\u2019, and your characters\u2019 are all different, but will have an impact on each other.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. As with all things in writing, conveying emotion is about balance. Think about whether you want the pace to slow down or speed up, for example, when editing a scene.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"833\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-fiction-2.jpg\" alt=\"emotion-in-fiction\" class=\"wp-image-532838\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-fiction-2.jpg 833w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-fiction-2-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-fiction-2-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-fiction-2-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/emotion-in-fiction-2-640x384.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Frequently-Asked-Questions\"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this section I\u2019ll answer three of the most asked questions in relation to emotions in writing:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>How do you show emotions in dialogue?&nbsp;<\/li><li>What are emotional beats in writing?&nbsp;<\/li><li>Why is emotion important in literature?&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How Do You Show Emotions In Dialogue?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/writing-dialogue\/\">writing dialogue<\/a>&nbsp;it\u2019s often better to show your reader your character\u2019s emotions by embedding small details and actions between the lines of speech. The scene from <em>Sad Cypress<\/em> by Agatha Christie that I mentioned earlier is an example of this. You\u2019re also giving the reader the chance to visualise where the characters are in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the way, it\u2019s usually better not to use adverbs after speech tags, which are a \u2018tell\u2019 rather than a \u2018show.\u2019&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Embedding a lot of action and detail in dialogue slows the pace, so consider how fast you want the scene to move and vary the pace across the story as a whole.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Occasionally use the following during the dialogue to show us the emotion:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>body language,&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>facial expressions,&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>interaction with the environment&nbsp;<\/li><li>internal bodily sensations (quick ones, from the point of view character)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Are Emotional Beats In Writing?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Embedding small details and actions between the lines of speech can be described as \u2018adding emotional beats\u2019 to your dialogue. That is, moments of pause where you show us your character&#8217;s feelings and what they&#8217;re experiencing, even when it\u2019s only a raised eyebrow.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At a structural level, emotional beats are the moments when a character has an emotional response to an event, and it motivates them to take action. Emotional beats are, therefore, like the character taking a breath before continuing to solve the dilemma set up at the beginning of the story.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You\u2019ll want a character to be doing something active during the emotional response. Being overcome by grief or realising they\u2019re in love while working on the checkout at a supermarket or arranging flowers in a hospital, for example, works better than the same thing happening when they are lying in bed or watching TV.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Is Emotion Important In Literature?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We turn to stories to entertain us and also to help us to make sense of the world. Emotions are important in literature because they help us to understand people better, enabling us to practise <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/what-is-pathos-in-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">empathy<\/a> and problem-solving through reading. In fact, researchers have proved that literature graduates are more empathetic! Deep emotions transport us into the world of the story, allowing us to fully immerse ourselves and escape our \u2018real world\u2019 problems for a while.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From a writing point of view, we can use emotions to draw readers into the story and keep them hooked. If your story lacks emotional impact, it\u2019s likely you need to work on the characterisation and on \u2018show not tell\u2019. If you want to learn to evoke emotion, start there.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>And Finally&#8230;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I hope you have enjoyed this guide and that it will help you to develop the confidence to try different ways of expressing intense emotion through your writing. It\u2019s such a thrill to hear a reader say that your work has affected them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Remember that characterisation and&nbsp;achieving an emotional impact on your reader&nbsp;are key to conveying emotion, so put aside some time to try out the ten techniques listed with this in mind.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Don\u2019t forget \u2013 the emotional effect you want to achieve will come through redrafting. So keep going!&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When it comes to writing, people often focus on plot, character, and setting, but the emotional landscape you create in your story is important too. In this guide, you\u2019re going to learn ten ways to convey emotions in your writing, so you can create unforgettable characters and delight your readers, immediately drawing them into your<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17576,"featured_media":532827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[27486],"class_list":["post-532759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novel-writing","tag-get-published"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jericho Writers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Emotions in writing are what transform a good book into a great one. 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