{"id":451292,"date":"2021-10-19T14:14:23","date_gmt":"2021-10-19T14:14:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/?p=451292"},"modified":"2025-05-09T10:46:56","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T09:46:56","slug":"how-to-write-creative-nonfiction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/how-to-write-creative-nonfiction\/","title":{"rendered":"How To Write Creative Nonfiction That Engages Your Readers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When I read&nbsp;<em>Dancing in the Dark<\/em>&nbsp;by Caryl Philips, I wasn\u2019t quite sure&nbsp;<em>what<\/em>&nbsp;I was reading, as it was unlike any novel I\u2019d read previously.&nbsp;But&nbsp;I was curious&nbsp;how the&nbsp;author crafted&nbsp;the \u201cvoices\u201d or <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/writing-dialogue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dialogue<\/a>, which&nbsp;were so&nbsp;finely tuned and&nbsp;authentic it made me feel as though I was in the thick of the <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/how-to-plot-a-novel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">plot<\/a> as it unfolded.&nbsp;Eventually, it dawned on me that the book couldn\u2019t solely be classified as a novel per se, as the story was based on \u201creal life\u201d;&nbsp;because of its biographical and historical context&nbsp;it sat comfortably&nbsp;within the genre of creative nonfiction.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"What-is-Creative-Nonfiction\"><strong>What Is Creative Nonfiction<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The term creative nonfiction has been credited to American writer Lee&nbsp;Gutkin, who first coined the phrase in the journal he founded in 1993:&nbsp;<em>Creative Nonfiction<\/em>. When asked to define what creative nonfiction is&nbsp;Gutkin&nbsp;says simply&nbsp;\u201ctrue stories well told.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Expanding on&nbsp;Gutkin\u2019s&nbsp;definition I would add that the main difference between creative nonfiction&nbsp;\u2013 also known as narrative nonfiction &#8211;&nbsp;and other genres is that in creative nonfiction\u202fthe&nbsp;focus is&nbsp;on literary style,&nbsp;and&nbsp;it is&nbsp;very much&nbsp;like&nbsp;reading a novel, with the important&nbsp;exception&nbsp;that everything in the story has&nbsp;actually happened.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Essentially, creative nonfiction&nbsp;incorporates techniques from&nbsp;literature,&nbsp;including&nbsp;fiction&nbsp;and poetry,&nbsp;in order to&nbsp;present a narrative&nbsp;that&nbsp;flows&nbsp;more like story than, say,&nbsp;a journalistic article&nbsp;or a report.&nbsp;In short,&nbsp;then,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is a form of storytelling that employs creative writing techniques including literature&nbsp;to retell a&nbsp;<em>true&nbsp;<\/em>story, which&nbsp;is why emphasis is placed on the word&nbsp;<em>creative<\/em>.&nbsp;I would underscore that&nbsp;it is this aspect which distinguishes the genre from&nbsp;other nonfiction books; for instance, textbooks which are, as implied, recounting solely of&nbsp;<em>facts<\/em>&nbsp;\u2013 without any frills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Types-of-Creative-Nonfiction\"><strong>Types Of Creative Nonfiction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;good news&nbsp;is that&nbsp;the expanse of creative nonfiction as a genre is considerable and there is ample scope for writers of every persuasion, in terms of categorisation and personal&nbsp;creative&nbsp;preference. Some terms you may be familiar with, and some are essentially the same, as far as content is concerned&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;only the phrasing may be interchangeable.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Memoirs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Memoirs are the&nbsp;most commonly used&nbsp;form&nbsp;of creative nonfiction.&nbsp;It is&nbsp;a writer\u2019s personal, first-hand experiences, or events spanning a specific time frame or period.&nbsp;In it you are essentially trying to evoke the past\u2026&nbsp;and by&nbsp;the end you will, no doubt, hope to have&nbsp;successfully&nbsp;conveyed the moral of your story. Not in a preachy kind of way but in a manner which is&nbsp;engaging, informative&nbsp;or&nbsp;entertaining.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You should note that there are important differences between a biography and a memoir: in writing a biography you need&nbsp;to maintain a&nbsp;record of your sources \u2013 primary or secondary \u2013 that will&nbsp;stand the rigours of being fact-checked.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A memoir,&nbsp;by contrast,&nbsp;is your recollection or memory of a past event or experience. While they do not necessarily have to be underpinned with verifiable facts in the same way as a biography,&nbsp;there\u2019s more scope for your creative or imaginary interpretation of an event or experience.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Literary Journalism<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the early days of the genre literary journalism hogged the headlines; it was, according to&nbsp;<em>The Herald Tribune<\/em>, \u201ca hotbed of so-called New Journalism, in which writers like Tom Wolfe used the tools of novelists \u2014 characters, dialogue and scene-setting \u2014 to create compelling narratives.\u201d The way this&nbsp;fits into the creative nonfiction genre is that it&nbsp;uses the style and devices of literary fiction in fact-based journalism. Norman Mailer and&nbsp;Gail Sheehy were exceptionally skilled exponents, though, arguably, critics contended that both could, on occasion, be so immersed that some of their writing was tantamount to an actor who inhabited their character via method acting.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Reportage And Reporting<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, the primary goal of the creative nonfiction writer is to communicate information, just like a reporter.&nbsp;If you choose to pursue reportage it is imperative that&nbsp;you pay&nbsp;close attention to notes and record-keeping as reporting is not \u2013 as with other elements of creative nonfiction \u2013 based on your personal experiences or opinions and, therefore,&nbsp;has to&nbsp;be scrupulously accurate and verifiable.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Personal Essays<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Other types of creative nonfiction include&nbsp;personal&nbsp;essays&nbsp;whereby&nbsp;the writer crafts an essay that\u2019s based on&nbsp;a&nbsp;personal experience or single event, which results in significant personal&nbsp;resonance,&nbsp;or a lesson learned.&nbsp;This element of creative nonfiction is very broad in scope and includes<a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/literary-agents-for-travel-non-fiction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&nbsp;travel writing<\/a>,&nbsp;food writing,&nbsp;nature writing, science writing, sports writing,&nbsp;and&nbsp;magazine&nbsp;articles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Personal essays, therefore,&nbsp;encompass just about any kind of&nbsp;writing. They can also include&nbsp;audio creativity and opinion pieces,&nbsp;through podcasts&nbsp;and radio plays.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"The-Five-R\u2019s-of-Creative-Nonfiction\"><strong>The Five&nbsp;R\u2019s&nbsp;Of Creative Nonfiction<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Lee Gutkind\u2019s essay,&nbsp;<em>The Five&nbsp;R\u2019s&nbsp;of Creative Nonfiction<\/em>, he summarised the salient points of successfully writing creative nonfiction and, if you followed these instructions, you\u2019d be hard-pressed to go wrong:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Real Life<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>I daresay this is self-explanatory&nbsp;although&nbsp;as a storyteller,&nbsp;instead of&nbsp;letting your imagination run riot&nbsp;you must use&nbsp;it&nbsp;as the foundation. Your&nbsp;story&nbsp;must be based&nbsp;in reality&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;be that subject matter, people,&nbsp;situations&nbsp;or experiences.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Research<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>I can\u2019t emphasise strongly enough that conducting extensive, thorough research is of paramount importance and, not to put too fine a point on it, this is not an area you can gloss over \u2013 you&nbsp;<em>will&nbsp;<\/em>be \u201cfound out\u201d and your credibility is at stake. And, no, Wikipedia doesn\u2019t count \u2013 other than perhaps as a starting point. Interestingly, by the company\u2019s own admission:<em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u201cWikipedia is not a reliable source\u202ffor citations elsewhere on Wikipedia. Because it can be edited by anyone at any time, any information it contains at a particular time could be <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Vandalism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vandalism<\/a>, a work in progress, or just plain wrong.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. W(r)ite<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Not technically an \u201cR\u201d but we get his point\u2026 Put succinctly by William Faulkner:<em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u201cGet it down. Take chances. It may be bad, but it&#8217;s the only way you can do anything good.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Reflection<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>No-one can negate your personal reflections, but you should be aware, given that what you\u2019re writing is based on \u201cfact\u201d that someone mentioned in your article or book may not necessarily agree with your perspective. The fallout\u00a0can\u00a0be devastating and damage irreparable. A case in point was the debacle following publication of\u00a0<em>Ugly: The True Story of a Loveless Childhood<\/em>\u00a0by Constance Briscoe. In the best-selling \u201cmisery memoir\u201d the author accused her mother\u00a0of\u00a0childhood cruelty and neglect; her mother rejected the claims and said the allegations were \u201ca piece of fiction\u201d and sued both her daughter and publisher for<a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/libel-law-for-writers-and-authors-what-you-need-to-know\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a0libel<\/a>,\u00a0and\u00a0lost.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It goes without saying that&nbsp;when&nbsp;writing about people who are still alive you need to be especially cautious. Of course, you\u2019re entitled to your own unique perspective but, as Buckingham Palace responded to the Oprah Winfrey interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry \u2013&nbsp;which may yet find its way in book form \u2013&nbsp;\u201csome recollections may vary\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Reading<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s often said that the best writers are also voracious readers. Not only does it broaden your horizons&nbsp;but&nbsp;it\u2019s a perfect way to see what works and what doesn\u2019t. And, as William Faulkner admonished:&nbsp;\u201cRead, read, read. Read everything&nbsp;\u2013trash, classics,&nbsp;good and bad, and see how they do it. Just like a carpenter who works as an apprentice and studies the master. Read! You&#8217;ll absorb it. Then write. If it\u2019s good, you&#8217;ll find out. If it\u2019s not, throw it out of the window.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-1024x418.jpg\" alt=\"how to write creative nonfiction\" class=\"wp-image-451313\" width=\"833\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-1024x418.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-600x245.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-768x313.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-1536x627.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-2048x836.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-640x261.jpg 640w, https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/howtowritecreativenonfictionheaderimage-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"How-to-Write-Creative-Nonfiction\"><strong>How To Write Creative Nonfiction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We now know what kind of creative nonfiction exists, and what to bear in mind before writing, but when it comes to starting your story\u2026where do you begin?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While it may be tempting&nbsp;to jump straight in&nbsp;and&nbsp;start writing,&nbsp;you will save yourself a headache if you begin by deciding upon the structure or form you want your work to&nbsp;be&nbsp;based on.&nbsp;This doesn\u2019t&nbsp;need big&nbsp;whistles and bells, you&nbsp;just&nbsp;need an&nbsp;outline&nbsp;to begin with,&nbsp;something to&nbsp;shape&nbsp;your thinking&nbsp;and&nbsp;trajectory. It\u2019s always worthwhile to know what direction you\u2019re headed in.&nbsp;Nothing is set in stone &#8211; you can always add to it or amend accordingly.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For planning there&nbsp;are different models you can employ but I find it easiest to think along the lines of a three-part play: act one, I open by establishing the fundamentals of what I am going to present; act two, allows me to build upon the opening by increasing the dramatic effect of what\u2019s unfolding; and act three, I bring my thesis together by pulling&nbsp;together&nbsp;different strands of the story to a logical, coherent narrative&nbsp;and, even better in some&nbsp;circumstances, a cliff-hanger.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In your outline you should&nbsp;bear&nbsp;in mind the main elements of creative nonfiction&nbsp;and the fact that there are some universal literary techniques you can use:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Plot&nbsp;And Setting<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many things from your past that may trigger your imagination. It could be writing about an area you grew up in, neighbours you had \u2013 anything which can be descriptive and used as a building block but will be the foundation upon which you set the tone or introduction to your piece.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Artefacts<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Using what may seem&nbsp;like&nbsp;mundane artefacts can be used effectively. For instance, old photographs, school reports, records and letters etc. can evoke memories.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Descriptive Imagery<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The most effective way to ensure your characters are relatable is to work on creating a plausible narrative. You must also have at the forefront of your mind \u201cFacts. Facts. Facts.\u201d I can\u2019t stress enough how your work must be based on fact and&nbsp;<em>not<\/em>&nbsp;fiction.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dialogue<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Also referred to as&nbsp;figurative language, when using one of the most effective ways to set the tone of your work,&nbsp;the language used&nbsp;in dialogue&nbsp;must be&nbsp;plausible. You simply need to step back and ask yourself,&nbsp;\u201cDoes this sound like something my character would say?\u201d There\u2019s no greater turnoff for a reader than dialogue which is stilted.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Characters<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want your readers to be engaged, they&nbsp;have to&nbsp;\u201cbuy what you\u2019re selling\u201d i.e.&nbsp;<em>believe<\/em>&nbsp;in your characters.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Top-Creative-Nonfiction-Writing-Tips\"><strong>Top Creative Nonfiction Writing Tips<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Stick To The Facts<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Even a mere whiff of fiction in your writing will automatically disqualify it as creative nonfiction. To make sure you haven\u2019t transgressed it\u2019s easier to avoid doing so altogether.&nbsp;Although it\u2019s fine to&nbsp;incorporate literary techniques&nbsp;which&nbsp;include extended metaphor, allegory, and imagery, among others.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Research<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You will also need to make note of the references you have relied upon. Not only is this good housekeeping it is also what\u2019s expected of a professional writer.&nbsp;There are a multitude of places you can begin your research: family recollections\/oral history; my local library serves aspiring writers well with both a respectable catalogue of physical books and online resources such as the British Newspaper Archives; Ancestry; and&nbsp;FindMyPast, among them. These are invaluable tools at your disposal and the list is by no means exhaustive.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Checklist<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>So, to conclude, what are the takeaways from this guide?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firstly, methodically work your way through the checklist&nbsp;contained within the 5 R\u2019s.&nbsp;Also, remember, whatever your interest, the extent of creative nonfiction dictates that there\u2019s likely to be a market for your writing.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But, at all costs,&nbsp;avoid falling into the cardinal sin of making things up!&nbsp;It may be tempting to get carried away with being&nbsp;<em>creative&nbsp;<\/em>and miss that the finished product absolutely must be anchored in&nbsp;<em>facts<\/em>&nbsp;\u2013 from which, no deviation is acceptable.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed, please ensure everything&nbsp;you\u2019ve&nbsp;written&nbsp;is&nbsp;verifiable. You never know when someone is going to fact-check your thesis or challenge an assertion you\u2019ve made.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Best-of-Both-Worlds\">Best Of Both Worlds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>All in all, creative nonfiction is a wondrous way of&nbsp;telling an important and real story. Never forget&nbsp;that even though you are writing about factual stories and scenarios,&nbsp;you can still do so in an imaginative and creative way&nbsp;guaranteed to bring&nbsp;your <a href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/non-fiction-how-to-write-a-nonfiction-book-proposal-with-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">readers<\/a> on&nbsp;a&nbsp;journey of exploration with you.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When I read&nbsp;Dancing in the Dark&nbsp;by Caryl Philips, I wasn\u2019t quite sure&nbsp;what&nbsp;I was reading, as it was unlike any novel I\u2019d read previously.&nbsp;But&nbsp;I was curious&nbsp;how the&nbsp;author crafted&nbsp;the \u201cvoices\u201d or dialogue, which&nbsp;were so&nbsp;finely tuned and&nbsp;authentic it made me feel as though I was in the thick of the plot as it unfolded.&nbsp;Eventually, it dawned on me<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17460,"featured_media":451308,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[262],"tags":[27486],"class_list":["post-451292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-topic-creative-non-fiction-memoir","tag-get-published"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jericho Writers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about Creative Nonfiction, what it is, the various forms and types commonly used, and how a literary approach is beneficial in fact-based writing.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jerichowriters.com\/how-to-write-creative-nonfiction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How To Write Creative Nonfiction That Engages Your Readers &#8211; 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